Explanation
There are only a couple possible products of these
numbers. Indeed, we get a 0 if any of them are 0. We get a 1 if they are all
1's, and also if they are 1's and -1's such that the -1's are even in number.
Finally, we can get a -1, the least possible, if we have an odd number of -1's
and the rest of the factors 1's. So there are two ways to get a -1: with one -1
and three 1's. and with three -1's and one 1.
Let's start by finding the probability of getting one -1
and three 1's. There are four ways to do this: the negative one is first,
second, third, or fourth. The probability of any one specific draw is .
Since there are four independent probabilities, we add them to get the odds of
obtaining any one of them, so the odds are of one -1 and three 1's. The logic is
identical to draw one positive 1 and three negative 1's, so that case also
obtains with probability .
The probability of obtaining one or the other of these two exclusive cases is
their sum (in probability "or" usually means "add"): so are the odds that our product will be -1, the
least possible value.
The correct answer is (C).
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