Explanation
This is a great first Problem Solving question, because,
behind the algebra, we are dealing with a ratio, and ratios are one of the
least-appreciated topic areas on the Quantitative section on the GMAT.
The key to ratios is to work with fractions and take
careful note of units. We can do this, starting from the end of the question
prompt. We are asked for pieces of paper. The proceeding sentence tells us that
we have 10 pieces of paper per folder. "Per" can be thought of as a word that
indicates the line of a fraction, so we can write:
Similarly, we have .
We can multiply these fractions so that the units cancel.
Notice that if you write the fractions with the units
included, it's much easier to make sure you don't have the fractions flipped
from what they should be. Lastly, we multiply by the number of passengers:
We're done, right? In this last step also, we can use
units and watch them cancel on the top and bottom of the fraction to ensure
that we are multiplying the right things. This method of using units is called
(or is related to what is called) dimensional analysis by some scientists. It
works well to stay organized and avoid error on both easier and more difficult
GMAT questions involving ratios and/or different types of units.
As a final step, we can make sure that all the units are
accounted for. And, as a matter of fact, there is a unit that's not apparent in
our scratch work above: buses. We're not looking for papers per bus; we're
looking for paper per two buses. So,
for two buses, we have to multiply 10xy by
2 to obtain 20xy. Writing and
thinking in units helps to avoid overlooking this step. The correct answer is
(C).
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